Backup: brief instructions on where to start. Data backup programs

Data backup is one of the most important operations that any PC user needs to perform. Data backup can be done either manually or using special programs. You will learn basic methods and recommendations for backing up data in this article.

What is data backup

– the process of creating copies of important information that are stored on other data storage devices (flash drive, hard drive, DVD, cloud service, etc.). Data backup is a very important operation that any user must perform after a certain period of time.

Why do you need data backup?

Each user stores different information on their computer. Almost every user has important information stored on their computer, the loss of which can, at a minimum, upset the user (personal photos, music collection, work documents, etc.).

Unfortunately, information cannot be stored absolutely securely on a computer. Hardware failure (hard drive) or a virus attack, or even carelessness of the user himself (accidentally deleting information) can lead to the loss of important data. To protect important information, you need to back up your data.

Backing up files and information will allow you to protect this data in the event of a failure of the main storage medium (for example, a computer hard drive) or a virus attack.

What types of backups are there?

Many users think that you can make a backup from several folders or from several files, but in fact there are a few more types of backups.

What backups can you make:

Operating system backup

A very useful thing that many, even experienced users, neglect. You only need to install the operating system, drivers and necessary programs once. Then a backup copy of the configured operating system is made, and if something happens (a virus attack or simply cluttering the system), then you need to spend 10-15 minutes restoring the backup copy, instead of spending more than one hour on a new installation and configuration of the system.

As a rule, special Windows programs or tools are used to backup the operating system.

Backup copy of the disk (partition on the hard drive)

Let's say that you have a hard drive partition (for example, drive “E”). It stores your music and photos. All this data is important to you and losing it is unacceptable.

You can make a backup copy of this entire disk and if data loss occurs, you can restore everything as it was.

Disk backup can be done either using special programs or manually.

Backup individual files and folders

The most common backup method. Mostly, users store photos on one disk, documents on another, and their favorite music on a third. In addition, these disks may store not very important information, the backup copy of which is not necessary.

In this case, only a backup copy of these same files and folders is made, from different disks, and not a copy of the entire disk, much less the entire computer hard drive.

Typically, the user does such a backup manually, although special programs or Windows tools can be used.

One such utility is the backup program Exiland Backup, which is very easy to learn, but at the same time has great capabilities. It will take care of automatically creating backup copies of the most important data, archiving them in ZIP, and saving the archives to various media: local, removable, network drives or FTP servers. In addition, the program supports another type of copying - folder synchronization (mirroring), which makes it possible to create an exact copy of the original folder.

As practice shows, it is better to automate the backup process in order to eliminate such human factors as forgetfulness.

Backup using Windows

The Windows 7 operating system has tools for creating a backup copy of both the system itself and certain data.

To go to Windows backup tools, open the Control Panel, then “System and Security” and “Backup and Restore”.

You will be asked to configure data archiving (specify where copies will be stored and what to archive). In addition, you can create an image of the operating system and configure the frequency of backups, as well as create a disk for backup system recovery.

Data backup programs

There are a number of programs that will help you quickly and easily set up backup of all necessary data.

Acronis True Image Home

AcronisTrueImageHome is a leader among backup programs. It has all the necessary functions and capabilities for backup, ranging from a single folder to an entire disk or operating system.

The program has a very simple and intuitive interface. Working with her is easy and pleasant. The only minutes of Acronis True Image Home – paid program. For it you will have to pay a little less than two thousand rubles or download a pirated version (this is a matter of your conscience).

Using Acronis True Image, you can save specific data (files and folders), entire disk partitions, or create an image of a partition with the operating system, all programs and configuration. All these actions can be configured to run automatically and periodically.

Even if your operating system is severely damaged and cannot boot, you can boot Acronis True Image from a flash drive or any media and restore the backup copy.

Acronis True Image backups can be transferred to any digital storage medium, and even if you cannot load a backup from your hard drive, you can load it from a flash drive or DVD.

In general, I recommend this program as the best paid option for setting up data backup. But there are also free analogues of Acronis True Image, although they do not reach the functionality of Acronis.

Free analogues of Acronis True Image

As free analogues of Acronis True Image, you can use:

• Clonezilla
• Comodo Backup
• Cobian Backup

All programs cope with the task of backing up data, but each is, to one degree or another, inferior to the paid Acronis True Image. Each user requires a certain type of backup and one will only need, for example, Cobian Backup, while another needs the full functionality of Acronis True Image.

Just test these programs and determine which one is more suitable for your purposes.

Manual backups

Not all users need to backup the operating system (although this is convenient) or the entire disk. It is enough just to copy important data to other media once a week or month (depending on the frequency of updating/changing information). For example, copy personal photos after each trip on vacation or vacation, and copy the quarterly report once every 3 months.

When making a backup, be sure to use the tips for backing up your data.

Regardless of how and what you back up, be sure to use these recommendations.

Periodicity

Make backups periodically. Depending on the type of data, you can make backups after a period of time (every week, month, etc.) or by event (new photos appearing or a report change.)

If you do not monitor the frequency, then in the event of data loss, you will restore the old version of the backup, which will not contain the recently changed data.

Many copies

The more copies you make, the more likely it is that you will be able to recover lost information.

Backup protection

You are making a copy of important data and you need to protect it from strangers. If you make a backup copy of private photos, they should never be opened by other people.

It is best to combine encryption and password protection of data. You can create an encrypted container to store any type of data or create a password-protected archive.

Backup storage

Do not store backup copies, even on different media, in the same place (box or closet) or in the same apartment (if a fire occurs, all copies will be destroyed).

Take one copy to work and put it in your safe or locked box and also upload a backup copy to the cloud. You can even give the media to a friend for safekeeping, but in any case, do not forget to protect the copy from unauthorized access.

Conclusion

Creating a backup copy of your data is a very important procedure. It is necessary for any user. As you can see, creating a backup is not that difficult, and you can even set up automatic creation of backups, which will make your work easier. It’s up to you to decide exactly how to back up your data, but most importantly, don’t forget to do it and use the recommendations from this article.

Every computer user probably knows that no system is immune from errors and even critical failures, when it is not possible to restore it using ordinary means. For this purpose, programs have been developed for and including utilities that allow you to create backup copies of hard drives and logical partitions. Let's look at the most popular utilities of different levels of complexity.

Programs and data recovery: feasibility of use

Some users have a bit of a misconception about how powerful these types of utilities are. Unfortunately, they mistakenly believe that the simplest option would be to simply copy user files to other logical partitions other than the system one. There is another category of users who believe that they can copy the entire system partition to another location, and then, in case of failure, from this copy. Alas, both are wrong.

Of course, this technique is applicable to user files, but not everyone wants to clutter another logical volume with a bunch of information or constantly keep on hand an external drive like a USB HDD, a bunch of disks or flash drives, the capacity of which is clearly limited. And with large volumes of data, you should also take into account the time it takes to copy from one volume to another. Backup and recovery programs for both the system and partitions work somewhat differently. Of course, in most cases you will need removable media, but the created backup copy will take up much less space.

Basic operating principle and operating options

As a rule, most of today's well-known and widely used utilities mainly use the principles of creating images and compressing copied data. At the same time, images are most often used specifically to create copies of the operating system, which allows you to later restore it after an unexpected critical failure, and utilities for copying partitions or user files require archiving-type compression.

As for reservation options, there can be two of them. In principle, almost any system backup program suggests using external media (DVD, flash drive, etc.). This is only due to the fact that when restoring the system, you will have to boot not from the system partition, but from removable media. The image in the logical partition will not be recognized.

Another thing is disk backup programs. In them, you can save the necessary information in other logical partitions or, again, use removable media. But what to do if the used hard drive capacity is hundreds of gigabytes? Nothing will allow you to record this information even in compressed form. As an option, you can use an external HDD, if it is available, of course.

As for choosing the right utility for saving user files, the best solution is a scheduled file backup program. Such a utility is capable of performing this operation without user intervention, saving all changes made over a certain period of time. New data can be added to the backup copy, as well as old data can be deleted from it. And all this in automatic mode! The advantage is obvious - after all, the user only needs to set the time interval between copy points in the settings, then everything happens without it.

"Native" Windows backup program

So, first, let's focus on the native tool of Windows systems. Many people believe that the Windows backup program built into the system does not work very well, to put it mildly. Basically, they don’t want to use it only because the utility spends too much time creating a copy, and the copy itself takes up a lot of space.

However, she also has enough advantages. After all, who else but Microsoft specialists would know all the subtleties and nuances associated with the components that are essential for correct Windows recovery? And many users clearly underestimate the capabilities of the tool built into the system. It’s not for nothing that such a backup and recovery program is included in the main set of the system?

The easiest way to access this utility is from the standard “Control Panel”, where you select the backup and recovery section. There are three main points you can use here: creating an image, creating a disk, and setting up a copy. The first and second do not cause any difficulties. But the third one is quite interesting. The system will offer to save a copy on removable media, having previously identified the device itself. But if you look at the parameters, you can save a copy on the network, which is perfect for local locations. So in some cases, such a system backup program will be a good tool for creating a backup with the ability to subsequently restore Windows from this copy.

Most popular utilities

Now let's look at the utilities that, according to many experts, are the most popular among users today. Let us immediately note that it is simply impossible to consider all backup programs, so we will dwell on some of them, taking into account the level of popularity and complexity of their use. An approximate list of such utilities may look like this:

• Acronis True Image.
• Norton Ghost.
• Back2zip.
• Comodo BackUp.
• Backup4all.
• ABC Backup Pro.
• Active Backup Expert Pro.
• ApBackUP.
• File Backup Watcher Free.
• The Copier.
• Auto Backup and many others.

Now let's try to look at the top five. Please note! At the moment, backup programs are being considered, mainly used for workstations (user computers). Solutions for server systems and networks will be considered separately.

Acronis True Image

Of course, this is one of the most powerful and popular utilities, enjoying well-deserved success and the trust of many users, although it belongs to entry-level programs. Nevertheless, she has enough opportunities.

After launching the application, the user is taken to the main menu, where several action options can be selected. In this case, we are interested in the backup and restore section (there are additional utilities in the menu, which for obvious reasons will not be considered now). After logging in, the “Wizard” is activated, which will help you create a backup. During the process, you can choose what exactly you want to create a copy of (the system for restoring from scratch, files, settings, etc.). In the "Copy Type" it is better to select "Incremental" as it will help save space. If the media volume is large enough, you can use full copying, or differential copying to create multiple copies. When creating a copy of the system, you will be prompted to make a boot disk.

Here's what's interesting: the utility shows fairly high performance in terms of backup copy creation speed, time, and compression. So, for example, it will take an average of 8-9 minutes to compress data of about 20 GB, and the size of the final copy will be just over 8 GB.

Norton Ghost

Before us is another powerful utility. As usual, after starting the program, a “Wizard” starts, helping you go through all the steps.

This utility is notable for the fact that it can be used to create a hidden partition on the hard drive where a copy will be stored (and you can restore both data and the system from it). In addition, you can change many parameters in it: read control type, write type, compression, number of points for simultaneous access, etc. As for performance, the application compresses the same 20 GB to a size of just over 7.5 GB, which takes about 9 minutes. In general, the result is quite good.

Back2zip

And here is a scheduled backup program. It differs in that its installation takes only a couple of seconds, and once launched, it automatically creates a new job and begins copying data, assuming that user files are stored in the “My Documents” folder. Unfortunately, this is the main disadvantage.

When starting, the task must be deleted, and then the original destination folder must be selected. There is no “wizard” in the usual sense; everything is done from the main window. In the scheduler, you can set the copying interval from 20 minutes to 6 hours. Overall, the simplest solution for entry-level users.

Comodo BackUp

We have before us another very interesting utility that can compete even with commercial products. Its main feature is the presence of as many as five operating modes and a huge number of settings.

Interestingly, the utility is able to respond to changes in the files included in the backup in real time. As soon as the source file is modified and saved, the application immediately creates a copy of it, adding and replacing the final element in the backup. Not to mention the scheduler, you can separately note the start of creating copies either at the start or at exit.

Backup4all

Finally, let's look at another free utility that allows you, so to speak, to make backup copies for everything that may be needed in the future at the same time, so to speak.

This utility is interesting because it allows you to save copies not only on external or internal media, but also on networks, or even on FTP servers. There are quite a lot of editable parameters and settings, among which four copying methods can be distinguished, as well as support. In addition, the interface is very simple, and the display of folders and tasks is presented in the form of a tree structure similar to “Explorer”. The user can also divide the copied data into categories such as documents, drawings, etc., and assign each project its own label. Naturally, there is also a “Task Scheduler”, in which you can specify, for example, the creation of copies exclusively at times of low processor load.

Solutions for server systems

There are also specialized backup programs for server systems and networks. Among all this diversity, three of the most powerful can be identified:

• Symantec Backup Exec 11d System Recovery.
• Yosemite Backup Standard Master Server.
• Shadow Protect Small Business Server Edition.

It is believed that such utilities are a good backup tool for small businesses. In this case, restoration “from scratch” can be performed from any workstation located on the network. But the most important thing is that the reservation only needs to be made once; all subsequent changes will be saved automatically. All applications have an Explorer-type interface and support remote control from any terminal on the network.

Instead of an afterword

It remains to add that not all data backup/recovery programs have been discussed here, allowing you to create backups of both systems and files, and then restore them from the created copies. However, it seems that even brief information about the above programs will give many people an idea of ​​how it works and why all this is needed. For obvious reasons, we leave the question of choosing the appropriate software open, since it already depends on the preferences of the user or system administrator.

In this article I will tell you how to backup data: work files, multimedia and the operating system (make an image of it). Backup (data archiving) is extremely necessary, since as a result of a hard drive failure or a virus, you can lose important documents, photo archives, and works created in various programs. Maybe you just want to reinstall a clean copy of the OS with all the programs. Once this happens, the situation will be easy to correct.

The most common case for users is the failure of the operating system. In order to restore the computer to its previous state (programs, settings, etc.), you need to spend from several hours to several days installing and configuring the Windows OS, but the installation of additional software takes the most time. Often, inexperienced users store their data on the system drive without thinking about transferring information to other sections of the hard drive, not to mention external HDDs.

Backup (archiving) and recovery methods

Windows 7: Built-in Backup and Restore Tool

It is quite easy to use and even allows you to perform this procedure automatically on a schedule. Location of the backup tool on the system: "Start | All programs | Service | Archiving and recovery". Menu in the left column - "Create a system repair disc" And "Creating a system image".

Creating a system image. It is necessary to indicate the location of the future archive: select another disk partition, external HDD or optical disk (DVD, Blue Ray). There is also the ability to save a backup copy to a network drive. It is not practical to use optical media, so use a logical drive with sufficient storage space or an external HDD to store the backup. Select a location and click the “Archive” button. The entire system partition will be archived. This procedure can be carried out on a schedule, and Windows updates a previously recorded system image without creating it again, which significantly saves time.

If you select the Backup tool, you can set up regular backups of important user data. To do this, select “Set up backup”, indicate which drive the backup will be saved to, click “Next”, in the next window select “Give me a choice” and then select the objects to be backed up. To restore the contents of a backup, choose one of three suggested actions: “Restore my files from this backup,” “Restore files for everyone on this computer,” or “Manage the disk space used by this backup.”

To restore your system if it won't boot or produces an error that you can't fix, you may need a rescue disk. To create it, select “Create a system repair disk” in the menu on the left and indicate on what media to organize it. Unfortunately, only laser discs are supported, which is not suitable for owners of laptops without an optical drive.

This tool built into Windows is not without its drawbacks, such as long archive creation times and the lack of a compression function. However, there are other, more functional products.

Backup and recovery using Acronis True Image Home 2013

For users of Windows XP, where there is no built-in backup tool, as well as users with higher requirements for the functionality of a backup program, I recommend using Acronis True Image Home 2013.

Acronis True Image Home uses 3 backup methods.

Full image - archiving absolutely all data, including the MBR (if the partition is bootable).

Differential - the backup copy includes only those data that have changed since the creation of the archive using the first (full) method.

Incremental method - allows you to supplement the backup copy with files changed since the last backup procedure.

It’s easy to make a backup copy of the system partition: in the main program window, select the first option - "Backup disks and partitions", then specify a partition or disk, set the location to save the archive and, if necessary, change the archiving parameters (for example, set the compression level of the archive on the "Performance" or protect the archive with a password). At the end of the process, a file with the extension will be created in the storage you specified. *.tib. Acronis True Image Home 2013 allows you to connect a backup copy as a logical drive and work with the necessary data. In this way, you can extract the desired file from a pre-created archive that you accidentally completely deleted from your hard drive.

In addition to backing up partitions and disks, you can archive (including on a schedule) individual directories and files, as well as the Windows address book, contact list and Microsoft Outlook correspondence. To recover in the most severe cases, you can use a bootable version of the program (boot disk or boot disk), and it is possible to create such a solution on both optical and USB media.

It happens that when experimenting with installing several operating systems, the Master Boot Record turned out to be damaged; you can try to “revive” it by checking the “MBR” checkbox when restoring from the image. Also, Acronis True Image Home 2011 can convert backups from its “native” format to the VHD format (these are backups created by the Windows 7 system tools, and at the same time virtual disk images, that is, they can be connected to almost any virtual machine) and vice versa .

In most cases, recovery comes down to selecting the desired archive and partition in which the contents of the backup copy will be deployed. It is worth noting the extremely long installation time and low performance of Acronis True Image Home in Windows XP.

Paragon Backup & Recovery Professional: Backup with More Features

About the Paragon Backup & Recovery Professional program, which provides file backup and recovery I told in, however, for the purpose of transferring Windows to another PC. Unlike the Acronis product, in addition to archiving operations, it also allows you to perform some actions with partitions - for example, changing the label, formatting, hiding and deleting. However, to do this you will need to switch to “Advanced User Mode”.

Before backing up, it is recommended to create a rescue disk to restore data from the image. To do this, go to the “Utilities” section and select “Create a rescue disk.” Here you can also choose either an optical drive, an external hard drive, or a USB flash drive as a storage medium.

To create a backup copy of your data, go to the “Data Protection and Recovery | Intelligent archiving”, without forgetting to prepare reliable storage first. You can choose what to back up: “Disks or partitions”, e-mail (e-mails, accounts and address books of Outlook, Outlook Express and Windows Mail), “Media Files” and “Documents” (texts, photos, videos and music stored in the “My Documents” directory) or “Other Files or Folders”.

Next, you can make additional copying parameters - selecting the degree of image compression, password protection and sector-by-sector copying mode (all sectors of the disk are processed “as is”, including unused ones). You can also assign an FTP server as an archive storage, if you have one. If you choose optical media, the program will warn you that it will be impossible to save the master boot record of the disk.

For experienced users, Backup & Recovery has a professional tool for working with images of Virtual PC, VMware Workstation and VMware Fusion virtual machines. Thanks to it, you can convert an image of a real hard drive, such as a system partition, and then open it along with all the data and programs in a virtual machine, even on another computer.

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Recently, we have become so accustomed to solving everyday problems using computer technology that we have begun to forget how easily information stored on a computer can be lost. Imagine what would happen if your computer was replaced, damaged, or even stolen. Will you lose important documents, photos, music and other files?

While your computer can be restored or repaired, your files may be lost forever. You can protect your files from accidental loss by creating a backup copy on an external hard drive or online backup service. Even if something happens to your computer, you can rest assured that your files are not damaged and are safe.

One of the easiest ways to create a backup is to copy your files to an external hard drive. To do this, first you need to purchase an external hard drive. Western Digital, Lenovo, and Seagate make the most popular external hard drives. Read the characteristics of the discs and choose the one that suits you, or ask a consultant at the store to help you choose.

Remember that an external drive is subject to the same risks as your computer, including burnout, theft, and accidental damage. Therefore, it is important to store it in a safe place (as far away from the computer as possible), such as a small fireproof safe for added protection.

If you only want to back up certain files, you can simply copy them to an external hard drive. It's an easy way to protect your most important files and folders.

• To back up a file or folder, connect your hard drive to your computer, then select the files and folders you want and drag them to the external drive. Copies of the selected objects will appear on the external drive.

On the one hand, it’s easy to copy files and folders to an external drive, but on the other hand, it’s very easy to forget about it. You never know when you might need to access your files, so you'll want to make backups regularly to ensure you always have the latest versions of your files. To make this process easier, most computers or even external drives can automatically back up certain files.

• Backup on Windows
  Windows Backup (also known as File History in Windows 8) allows you to create automatic copies of specific files and folders. You can also use Windows Backup to save a system image, which means backing up your entire drive, including all files and installed applications.
• Backup on Mac OS X
  When active, Time Machine automatically backs up your entire drive, including files and applications. If something goes wrong, you can easily restore your computer to a previous stable state.

If you decide to make a copy of the entire disk, the first copy may take several hours. Choose a time when you don't need your computer, such as night time. Additional backups should be done regularly, but they usually take less time since only updated files are copied.

Online backup

Even if you regularly copy files to an external hard drive, there is a possibility of losing information. For added security, you can copy files to the cloud. When you copy any files to the cloud, they are saved on servers on the Internet, not on an external drive. The main benefit of storing files in the cloud is that they are less likely to be stolen or accidentally destroyed.

Backing up files manually

If you want to save several files or folders online, then you need to log in to some cloud storage service. Most services give you a small amount of storage space for free, which should be enough for your most important files. You can also pay monthly for additional space.

One of the main advantages of such storage is the ability to access files from any device connected to the Internet, and the ability to share files with family, friends, and colleagues. The most popular cloud storage services are described below:

is a data storage service from Yandex. You are provided with 10 GB of free space.

Dropbox allows you to easily back up specific files online. Dropbox gives you 2 GB (gigabytes) of free storage and lets you share files and even entire folders with anyone.

Google Drive is a cloud storage service from Google that provides 15 GB of free space. From Drive, you can access Google Docs, which lets you create, share, and collaborate on documents, presentations, and more. Check out our tutorials to learn more.

OneDrive(formerly SkyDrive) is a cloud storage service from Microsoft that provides 15 GB of free storage. You also have access to Office Online, the free online version of Microsoft Office, including Word, Excel, PowerPoint and OneNote.

Automatic backup

Simple cloud services are good for storing copies of certain files, but they make it easy to forget to regularly update copies. If you want to automatically create backups of many files or your entire computer, then you need to buy space on an online storage service.

The amount of storage provided by these services varies, and you will need to pay monthly or annual fees for enough space. On the one hand, this may seem expensive, on the other hand, the price may be comparable to the cost of an external drive, but you get additional security by storing files in the cloud. The most popular online cloud storage services are described below:

Carbonite
If you don't want to think about backing up your files, Carbonite's automatic backup service will keep all your files up to date. Carbonite doesn't limit file space, starting at the base level for $59.99 per year.

Mozy
If you want more control over when your files are copied, Mozy offers automatic and scheduled copying. The service offers a variety of plans with free 2GB of space and additional storage, starting at 125GB for $9.99 per month.

iCloud
Unlike Mozy and Carbonite, iCloud is designed specifically for backing up Apple apps, including documents created in iWork applications (Pages, Numbers and Keynote), content from iTunes and the App Store. All the apps, music, movies, TV shows you've purchased are automatically saved. You can also use iCloud to backup content and settings of any iOS devices, such as iPhone and iPad.

One of the disadvantages of online backup storage services is that the first backup can be very slow, taking days, weeks or even months. However, subsequent copies will take much less time.

 

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