Any signal carrying information must exist. Test on the topic "Information"
“Amount of information” - ? The entire school library can fit on a computer hard drive. How long does a page take from a scanner? Calculation. Research hypothesis. An objective way to measure textual information is the alphabetical approach. You can put a school library on your hard drive, but only in text format.
“Digital signal processing” - Directions for DSP development. cos. Information sources. Definition. Lecture plan. sin. Subject of the course. Typical block diagram of a DSP device. Historical reference. Main sections of the DSP. MIND. Siebert. Digital signal processing. Introduction to complex arithmetic. Lecture notes. Hardware and software implementation.
“Properties of information” - Properties of information. Information (lat. Vitality, i.e. the ability of information to maintain its quality over time. Security is a property characterizing the impossibility of unauthorized access, use or change. Information processes. Completeness is the property of information to comprehensively characterize the displayed object.
“Units of information” - 1 byte = 8 bits. Operations. The simplest alphabet, sufficient to encode any alphabet. Measuring information. Binary alphabet. Information is transmitted using languages. Coding. Information volume. Measuring information. The binary alphabet consists of two characters 0 and 1. Units of information.
“The concept of information” - Information about an object. Full. 3. Properties of information. 2. Perception of information. Current. What is information? Reliable. 1. What is information. The concept of information. Useful. Understandable. Perception of information Properties of information.
“The concept of information” - Units of measurement of information. Information and information technologies. The concept of information is a key concept in computer science. Information is transmitted using languages. There are two forms of information presentation - continuous and discrete. All the variety of information surrounding us can be grouped according to various criteria.
Lesson№15
date24.11.2015
Class 10
Lesson plan for a lesson in computer science and ICT
Lesson topic: Test No. 1
Target: testing students' knowledge, skills and abilities on the topic.
Lesson type: lesson of control of knowledge, skills and abilities.
During the classes
1. Organizational moment
Greetings, checking those present.
2. Test on the topic: “Information. Information processes"
Option 1
1. What does computer science study?
a) computer design;
b) methods of presentation, accumulation of information processing using technical means;
c) computer programs;
d) general school disciplines.
2. What property of information will be affected by its deliberate distortion?
a) understandability;
b) relevance
c) reliability;
d) completeness.
3. Select events that can be classified as information processes:
a) exercise on a sports apparatus;
b) roll call of those present in the lesson;
c) waterfall;
d) riding on a carousel.
4. Which of the following has the property of transmitting information?
a) stone;
b) water;
c) papyrus;
d) light beam.
5. Which of the following is involved in the information process?
a) sand;
b) house;
c) stone;
d) person.
6. What properties do objects have: bell, speech, fire, radio, email?
a) store information;
b) process information;
c) transmit information;
d) create information.
7. What is an information explosion?
a) daily news from hot spots;
b) an increased number of newspapers and magazines;
c) rapid growth of flows and volumes of information;
d) communication via the Internet.
8. Cybernetics is:
a) the science of artificial intelligence;
b) the science of the laws of control processes and information transfer in machines, living organisms and society;
c) computer science;
d) the science of the forms and laws of human thinking.
9. What object cannot serve as a carrier of information during its storage?
a) fabric;
b) paper;
c) magnetic materials;
d) ray of light.
10. A person accepts information:
a) magnetic fullnm;
b) a sense organ;
c) internal organs;
d) instrumental means.
11. The information culture of society presupposes:
a) knowledge of modern software products;
b) knowledge of foreign languages and their use;
c) ability to work with information using technical means;
d) the ability to remember a large amount of information.
12. Data is:
a) individual facts characterizing objects, processes, phenomena;
b) identified patterns in a certain subject area;
c) a set of information necessary for organizing the activities of the enterprise;
d) recorded signals.
13. What is a graphical form of representing mathematical information:
a) mathematical equation;
b) graph of the function;
c) table of function values;
d) mathematical expression.
Ic=K*IhorIc=K*i
15. A group of schoolchildren came to the pool, which had 4 swimming lanes. The coach said that the group would swim in lane No. 3. How much information did the students receive from this message?
2 bits
16. The message that your friend lives on the 10th floor carries 4 bits of information. How many floors are there in the house?
16thtazhey
17. Convert to bits: 57 KB, 57 MB, 57 GB.
57*2 13 bit466944
57*2 23 bit478150656
57*2 33 bit489626271744
18. The alphabet of some sign system consists of 128 characters ( N ). How much information will a 56 character sentence contain? Ic )? Write the answer in bytes.
i=7 bits
Ic=392 bits=49 bytes
Option 2
1. What is the object of study of computer science?
a) computer;
b) information processes;
c) computer programs;
d) general school disciplines.
2. What should any signal that carries information be like?
a) changing;
b) continuous;
c) light;
d) electric.
3. How does a person convey information?
a) magnetic field;
b) speech, gestures;
c) light signals;
d) X-ray radiation.
4. Which of the following processes cannot be called an information process?
a) weighing information;
b) coding of information;
c) storage of information;
d) information processing.
5. Which of the following does not have the property of storing information?
a) paper;
b) electron current;
c) magnetic floppy disk;
d) papyrus.
6. What properties do objects have: a door lock, a computer, a person?
a) objective;
b) relevant;
c) accessible;
d) reliable.
7. What is the name of information that reflects the true state of affairs?
a) floppy disk with games;
b) book;
c) geographical map;
d) sound card.
8. Informatization of society is:
a) the process of widespread distribution of PCs;
b) socio-economic and scientific-technical process of creating optimal conditions for meeting the information needs of citizens;
c) the process of introducing new information technologies;
d) the process of formation of human information culture.
9. The following are subject to exchange and sale on the information services market:
a) licenses, information technologies;
b) equipment, premises;
c) forms of primary documents, computer equipment;
d) books, magazines, literature.
10. What is science?
a) acquiring knowledge at school?
b) use of computer knowledge in practice;
c) acquiring knowledge about the world around us, previously unknown to mankind;
d) acquiring knowledge about methods of presenting, processing, and storing information using a computer.
11. What concept unites stone, papyrus, birch bark, book and floppy disk?
a) natural origin;
b) historical value;
c) storage of information;
d) weight.
12. The word “information” translated from Latin means:
a) information content;
b) information;
c) latest news;
d) reducing uncertainty.
13. What is the symbolic form of representing mathematical information?
a) mathematical equation;
b) graph of the function;
c) diagram;
d) verbal formulation of the problem.
14. How to determine the number of information messages (knowledge uncertainty - N )?
N=2i
15. A telegram was received: “Meet carriage No. 7.” It is known that the train has 16 cars. How much information was received?
4 bits
16. The message that Petya lives in the second entrance carries 3 bits of information. How many entrances are there in the house?
8 entrances
17. Convert to bits: 51 KB, 51 MB, 51 Gigabyte.
51*2 13 bit417792
51*2 23 bit427819008
51*2 33 bit438086664192
18. The alphabet of some sign system consists of 256 characters ( N ). How much information will a 40 character sentence contain? Ic )? Write the answer in bytes.
i=8 bits
Ic=320 bits=40 bytes
3. Lesson summary
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
BOU of the Chuvash Republic SPO "ASHT" Ministry of Education of Chuvashia
CONTROL AND TEST WORKS
for studentsIcourse
Compiled by: Elena Semenova
Valentinovna
Alatyr - 2013
Test on the topic: “Information. Information processes"
Option 1
1. What does computer science study?
a) computer design;
b) methods of presentation, accumulation of information processing using technical means;
c) computer programs;
d) general school disciplines.
2. What property of information will be affected by its deliberate distortion?
a) understandability;
b) relevance
c) reliability;
d) completeness.
3. Select events that can be classified as information processes:
a) exercise on a sports apparatus;
b) roll call of those present in the lesson;
d) riding on a carousel.
4. Which of the following has the property of transmitting information?
a) stone;
c) papyrus;
d) light beam.
5. Which of the following is involved in the information process?
c) stone;
d) person.
6. What properties do objects have: bell, speech, fire, radio, email?
a) store information;
b) process information;
c) transmit information;
d) create information.
7. What is an information explosion?
d) the process of formation of human information culture.
9. The following are subject to exchange and sale on the information services market:
a) licenses, information technologies;
b) equipment, premises;
c) forms of primary documents, computer equipment;
d) books, magazines, literature.
10. What is science?
a) acquiring knowledge at school?
b) use of computer knowledge in practice;
c) acquiring knowledge about the world around us, previously unknown to mankind;
d) acquiring knowledge about methods of presenting, processing, and storing information using a computer.
11. What concept unites stone, papyrus, birch bark, book and floppy disk?
a) natural origin;
b) historical value;
c) storage of information;
12. The word “information” translated from Latin means:
a) information content;
b) information;
c) latest news;
d) reducing uncertainty.
13. What is the symbolic form of representing mathematical information?
a) mathematical equation;
b) graph of the function;
c) diagram;
d) verbal formulation of the problem.
Test on the topic: “Information coding. Number systems"
Option 1
1. Depending on the way numbers are represented, number systems are divided into:
a) Arab and Roman;
b) positional and non-positional;
c) representation in the form of a series and in the form of a bit grid.
2. The binary number system has a base:
3. To represent numbers in the hexadecimal number system, the following are used:
a) numbers 0 – 9 and letters A –F;
b) letters A – Q;
c) numbers 0 – 15.
4. In what number system can the number 402 be written?
a) in binary;
b) in ternary;
c) in fivefold.
5. What is the number equal to?DXXVIIin the decimal number system?
a) 527;
6. The disadvantage of the non-positional number system is:
a) it is difficult to perform arithmetic operations;
b) a limited number of characters required to write a number;
7. Number systems are given: 2nd, 8th, 10th and 16th. Record type 352:
a) is absent in the binary number system;
b) absent in octal;
8. What numbers are used in the hexadecimal number system?
c) 0, 3, 2, 1.
9. What minimum base should a number system have if the numbers can be written in it: 341, 123, 222, 111.
10. When does 2 * 2 = 11?
a) in the binary number system;
b) in the ternary number system;
c) in the quaternary number system.
11. How is the maximum 4-digit positive number written in the ternary number system?
a) 2222;
12. Numbers are:
a) symbols involved in writing a number;
b) letters involved in writing a number.
Option 2
1. The number system is:
a) representing numbers in exponential form;
b) representation of numbers with a constant decimal position;
c) a way of representing numbers using symbols that have a certain quantitative value.
2. The fivefold number system has a base:
3. To represent numbers in the octal number system, digits are used:
c) 0 – 7.
4. In what number system can the number 750 be written?
a) in octal;
b) in septenary;
c) in sixfold.
5. What is the number equal to?CDXIVin decimal number system:
c) 414.
6. The advantage of the positional number system is:
a) it is difficult to perform arithmetic operations;
b) a limited number of characters required to write a number;
c) different spellings of numbers among different peoples.
7. Number systems are given: 2nd, 8th, 10th and 16th. Record type 692:
a) is absent in the decimal number system;
b) absent in octal;
c) exists in all named number systems.
8. What numbers are used in the septal number system?
a) 0, 1, 6;
9. What minimum base should a number system have if the numbers can be written in it: 432, 768,568,243?
10. When does 2 * 3 = 11?
a) in the five-digit number system;
b) in the ternary number system;
c) in the quaternary number system.
11. How is the maximum 3-digit positive number written in the quaternary number system?
a) 333;
12. Number is:
a) a series of symbols;
b) designation of a certain quantity;
c) a set of signs.
Differentiated credit
Option #1
1. What does computer science study?
A) computer design;
B) computer programs;
D) general school disciplines.
D) completeness.
2. Depending on the way numbers are represented, number systems are divided into:
A) Arab and Roman;
B) positional and non-positional;
C) representations in the form of a bit grid
3. A declarative sentence in which something is affirmed or denied,
called:
A) expression; B) statement;
B) question; D) Inference.
4. When you turn off the computer, all information is erased:
A) on a floppy disk; B) on the hard drive;
B) on a CD-ROM disk; D) in RAM.
B) example.doc D) example: doc
6. Name C: has:
B) drive for CD drives; D) file.
7. A utility is:
8. When you turn on the computer, the processor accesses:
A) RAM; B) ROM;
B) hard drive; D) floppy disk.
D) diagram.
10. In a text editor, the main parameters when setting paragraph parameters
are...
A) typeface, size, style B) indentation, spacing
B) margins, orientation D) style, template
12. File path specifiedC:\ DOC\ PROBA. TXT:
a) DOC c) C:\DOC\PROBA.TXT
b) PROBA.TXT e) C:\DOC
13.
– – – – – – – –
Determine the text of the radiogram.
13.
mathematical, biological
14.Indicate the correct sequence of units of measurement of information
a) bit, byte, GB, MB
b) byte, KB, MB, GB
c) bit, byte, KB, GB
15. Fill in the missing word
16. Local computer networks based on “network topology” are divided into
a) real, artificial
c) wired, wireless
17. To set field values for a new document in MS Word
necessary
b) Select the Paragraph command from the Format menu
c) Select the Page Setup command from the File menu, and in the window that appears, set the necessary attributes
18. Select the correct formula entry for the spreadsheet
19. Convert the number 217 from decimal to binary
20. Convert the number 1001101 from binary to decimal
Group_____ Full name_________________________
Differentiated credit
Option No. 2
1. What is the object of study of computer science?
A) computer; B) computer programs;
B) information processes; D) general school disciplines.
2. The number system is:
3. Which device has the fastest information exchange speed?
A) CD-ROM drive; B) floppy drive;
B) hard drive; D) RAM chips.
4. A scanner is:
A) information processing device; B) a device for entering information from paper;
5. Which file names are formed correctly:
A) example? Doc B) example text. Doc
B) example.txt D) ?example?. doc
6. Name A: has:
A) floppy drive; B) hard drive;
7. A driver is:
A) computer device; B) application program;
B) a program for working with computer devices; D) programming language.
D) somehow differently.
8. What is the most common name extension for text files?
9. A computer that provides its resources for use by other computers when working together is called:
A) adapter; B) station; D) client-server.
B) switch; D) server;
10. File path specifiedC:\ DOC\ UROK. TXT:
a) C:\DOC c) C:\DOC\UROK.TXT
b) UROK.TXT e) DOC
– – – – – – – – – – – –
When transmitting the radiogram, the letter breakdown was lost, but it is known that only the following letters were used in the radiogram:
Determine the text of the radiogram.
12. Match actions
| Data processing |
|||
| Creation of information |
|||
| The professor wrote an article | Data storage |
||
| The newspaper contains a note | Transfer of information |
13. Complete the sentence:
14. The algorithm is
d) a set of commands for a computer
e) clear and precise prescription of actions aimed at achieving the desired actions.
15. SpecifyNamefile
16.What will the value of cell C1 be equal to if you enter the formula =A1-B1 into it?
__________
| "Attach file" field |
|||
| "To" field |
|||
| Independent work | Subject field |
||
| Field "Text of letter" |
19. Convert the number 240 from decimal to binary
20. Convert the number 1101100 from binary to decimal
Group_____ Full name_________________________
Differentiated credit
Option No. 3
1. What property of information will be affected by its deliberate distortion?
A) understandability; B) reliability;
B) relevance; D) completeness.
2. science that studies the laws and forms of thinking is called:
A) algebra; B) philosophy;
B) geometry; D) logic.
3. Specify the computer device that processes information:
B) monitor; D) keyboard.
D) in RAM.
4. Specify devices that are not information input devices:
A) keyboard; B) monitor;
B) mouse; D) scanner.
5. Folders can store:
6. A set of system and utility programs is called:
A) text editor; B) operating system;
B) graphic editor; D) driver.
7. BIOS is:
B) program - application
D) a program that tests a computer system after turning on the computer;
8. A set of hardware and software that allows computers to exchange data:
A) computer network; B) interface;
B) highway; D) adapters
D) switch.
9. Modem is:
A) device, programs;
B) computer program;
B) computer software;
D) device, disk drive;
D) device, computer;
10. Specify the correct way to write the formula expression in the document
Excel programs...
A) =50$100 B) =A3*B3
B) =A3/100A D) =50: 100
11. A computer connected to the Internet must have:
12. File path specifiedC:\ DOC\ TEST. TXT:
What is the name of the directory where the TEST.TXT file is located
a)C:\DOC\TEST.TXT c) DOC
b) TEST.TXT e) C:\DOC
13. The following encrypted radiogram was received from the intelligence officer:
transmitted using Morse code:
– – – – – – – –
When transmitting the radiogram, the letter breakdown was lost, but it is known that only the following letters were used in the radiogram:
Determine the text of the radiogram.
14. Match actions
| Student uses textbooks to write coursework | Creation of information |
||
| Data processing |
|||
| The professor wrote an article | Data storage |
||
| The newspaper contains a note | Transfer of information |
15. According to the way a person perceives information, the following types of information are distinguished:
text, numeric, graphic,
ordinary, production, technical, managerial
visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, gustatory
mathematical, biological
16.Indicate the correct sequence of units of measurement of information
a) bit, byte, KB, GB
b) byte, KB, MB, GB
c)bit, byte, GB, MB
17. Fill in the missing word
A file is a sequence of characters added to a name to identify its type.
18.What will the value of cell C1 be equal to if you enter the formula =A1*B1 into it?
__________
19. Convert the number 342 from decimal to binary
20. Convert the number 110101 from binary to decimal
Group_____ Full name_________________________
Differentiated credit
Option No. 4
1. How does a person convey information?
A) magnetic field; B) light signals;
B) speech, gestures; D) x-ray radiation.
A) 1-8; B) 0-9; B) 0-7.
3. The characteristic properties of RAM are:
A) energy dependence; B) rewriting information;
B) energy independence; D) long-term storage of information.
4. The file is:
5. Specify the file types. exe
A) text; B) executable;
B) graphic; D) video.
7. What character should a formula in Excel begin with?
A) = B) A C) space D) does not matter
9. HTML- is
A) a means of creating WEB pages; B) programming system;
B) graphic editor; D) database management system;
10. File path specifiedC:\ DOC\ SHAG. TXT:
What is the name of the directory where the SHAG.TXT file is located
a) C:\DOC c)DOC
b) SHAG.TXT d) C:\DOC\SHAG.TXT
11. The following encrypted radiogram was received from the intelligence officer, transmitted using Morse code:
– – – – – – – – – – – –
When transmitting the radiogram, the letter breakdown was lost, but it is known that only the following letters were used in the radiogram:
Determine the text of the radiogram.
12. Complete the sentence:
“In the information society, the main resource is ______________
13. The algorithm is
a) rules for performing certain actions
b) a directed graph indicating the order of execution of a certain set of commands
c) clear and precise prescription of actions aimed at achieving the desired actions.
d) a set of commands for a computer
e) computer network protocol
14. SpecifyNamefile
A:\WORK\TEMP\ASDF.TXT ____________________________
15. Local computer networks based on “network topology” are divided into
a) real, artificial
b) networks such as "Star", "Bus", "Ring"
c) wired, wireless
16. To set field values for a new document in MS Word
necessary
a) Select Templates from the File menu. In the window that appears, set the necessary attributes
17. Select the correct formula entry for the spreadsheet
18.What is meant by the term “Avatar” on the Internet
a) a sign in schematic form displaying important recognizable features of the object
b) a set of test characters used to identify the user
c) a system of signs for recording the quantitative characteristics of an object
d) an image used to personalize the user of any network resources
19. Convert the number 311 from decimal to binary
20. Convert the number 100101 from binary to decimal
Group_____ Full name_________________________
Differentiated credit
Option #5
1. What does computer science study?
A) computer design;
B) methods of presenting, accumulating, and processing information using technical means;
B) computer programs;
D) general school disciplines.
2. What property of information will be affected by its deliberate distortion?
A) reliability; B) understandability;
B) relevance; D) completeness.
3. a declarative sentence in which something is affirmed or denied,
called:
A) expression; B) inference.
B) question; D) statement;
4. Specify the computer device that processes information:
A) external memory; B) processor;
B) monitor; D) keyboard.
5. What file names are composed, correct:
A) “example”.doc B) doc?. Example;
B) example.doc D) example: doc
6. Folders can store:
A) files only; B) files and folders;
B) only other folders; D) Windows windows
7. A utility is:
A) operating system; B) service program;
B) application program; D) basic input/output system.
8. BIOS is:
A) driver program; B) utility program;
C) a program that tests a computer system after turning on the computer;
D) program - application.
9. The email subscriber's mailbox is:
A) some area of RAM of the file server;
B) an area on the mail server’s hard drive allocated for the user;
C) part of the memory on the workstation’s hard drive;
D) a special electronic device for storing text files.
10. Modem is:
A) device, programs;
B) computer program;
C) computer software;
D) device, disk drive;
E) device, computer;
11. Antivirus programs are...
A) scanning and recognition programs
B) programs that detect and treat computer viruses
C) programs that only detect viruses
D) archiver and dearchiver programs
12. A computer connected to the Internet must have:
a) IP address; c) home WEB page;
b) WEB - page; d) domain name; e) URL - address.
13. File path specifiedC:\ DOC\ PROBA. TXT:
What is the name of the directory where the PROBA.TXT file is located
a) DOC c) C:\DOC\PROBA.TXT
b) PROBA.TXT e) C:\DOC
14. The following encrypted radiogram was received from the intelligence officer:
transmitted using Morse code:
– – – – – – – –
When transmitting the radiogram, the letter breakdown was lost, but it is known that only the following letters were used in the radiogram:
Determine the text of the radiogram.
15. According to the way a person perceives information, the following types of information are distinguished:
text, numeric, graphic,
ordinary, production, technical, managerial
visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, gustatory
mathematical, biological
16. Fill in the missing word
A file is a sequence of characters added to a name to identify its type.
17. Local computer networks based on “network topology” are divided into
a) real, artificial
b) networks such as "Star", "Bus", "Ring"
c) wired, wireless
18.What will the value of cell C1 be equal to if you enter the formula =A1+B1 into it?
__________
19. Convert the number 112 from decimal to binary
20. Convert the number 1000101 from binary to decimal
Group_____ Full name_________________________
Differentiated credit
Option No. 6
1. The number system is:
A) representing numbers in exponential form;
B) representation of numbers with a constant decimal position;
C) a sign system in which numbers are written according to certain rules using symbols of a certain alphabet.
2. To represent numbers in the octal number system, digits are used:
A) 1-8; B) 0-9; B) 0-7.
3. A scanner is:
A) a device for entering information from paper; B) information processing device;
B) information storage device; D) a device for outputting information onto paper
4. The file is:
A) unit of measurement of information;
B) program in RAM;
B) text printed on a printer;
D) a program or data on disk that has a name.
5. Name A: has:
A) floppy drive; B) hard drive;
B) CD drive; D) file.
6. Operating system is:
A) application program; B) programming system;
B) system program; D) text editor.
7. What is the most common name extension for text files?
A) *.EXE B) *.BMP C) *.TXT D) *.COM
8. WinRar and WinZip programs are designed...
A) for working with folders B) for working with files
B) for anti-virus processing D) for file compression
9. File path specifiedC:\ DOC\ UROK. TXT:
What is the name of the directory where the UROK.TXT file is located
a) C:\DOC c) C:\DOC\UROK.TXT
b) UROK.TXT e) DOC
10. The following encrypted radiogram was received from the intelligence officer, transmitted using Morse code:
– – – – – – – – – – – –
When transmitting the radiogram, the letter breakdown was lost, but it is known that only the following letters were used in the radiogram:
Determine the text of the radiogram.
11. Complete the sentence:
“In the information society, the main resource is ______________
12. The algorithm is
a) computer network protocol
b) a directed graph indicating the order of execution of a certain set of commands
c) rules for performing certain actions
d) clear and precise prescription of actions aimed at achieving goals
e) action. set of commands for the computer
13.Indicate the correct sequence of units of measurement of information
a) bit, byte, GB, MB
b) bit, byte, KB, GB
c) byte, KB, MB, GB
14. Specify a file name
A:\WORK\TEMP\ASDF.TXT ____________________________
15. To set field values for a new document in MS Word
necessary
a) Select Templates from the File menu. In the window that appears, set the necessary attributes
b) Select the Page Setup command from the File menu, and in the window that appears, set the necessary attributes
c) Select the Paragraph command from the Format menu
16. Select the correct formula entry for the spreadsheet
17.What is meant by the term “Avatar” on the Internet
a) a sign in schematic form displaying important recognizable features of the object
b) a set of test characters used to identify the user
c) a system of signs for recording the quantitative characteristics of an object
d) an image used to personalize the user of any network resources
18.Match the correspondence between the fields for creating a new letter in the email client and their contents.
| "Attach file" field |
|||
| I am sending you an assignment for independent work. Needs to be completed within a week | "To" field |
||
| Independent work | Subject field |
||
| Field "Text of letter" |
19. Convert the number 352 from decimal to binary
20. Convert the number 1010101 from binary to decimal
| 1 option | Option 2 | Option 3 | Option 4 | Option 5 | Option 6 |
|
| Information |
||||||
| Information | ||||||
| information | ||||||
| extension | ||||||
| Extension | ||||||
| Extension | ||||||
Like any object, information has properties. A characteristic distinctive feature of information from other objects of nature and society is dualism : the properties of information are influenced both by the properties of the source data that make up its content, and by the properties of the methods that record this information. From the point of view of computer science, the following general qualitative properties seem to be the most important: objectivity, reliability, completeness, accuracy, relevance, usefulness, value, timeliness, understandability, accessibility, brevity, etc.
Objectivity of information . Objective – existing outside and independently of human consciousness. Information is a reflection of the external objective world. Information is objective if it does not depend on the methods of its recording, anyone’s opinion, or judgment.
Example. Let's compare two concepts such as information and energy, let's say thermal. Let's ask two different people to estimate the room temperature. One person may say that he is hot, but another person is quite happy with this temperature regime. People's opinions about room temperature are subjective. If we measure the temperature using a device, in this case a thermometer, then we will receive an objective assessment that does not depend on someone else’s opinion. It’s the same with information.
Objective information can be obtained, for example, using working sensors and measuring instruments. Reflected in the consciousness of a particular person, information ceases to be objective, since it is transformed (to a greater or lesser extent) depending on the opinion, judgment, experience, and knowledge of a particular subject.
Reliability of information . Information is reliable if it reflects the true state of affairs. Objective information is always reliable, but reliable information can be both objective and subjective. Reliable information helps us make the right decision. Information may be inaccurate for the following reasons:
intentional distortion (misinformation) or unintentional distortion of a subjective property;
distortion as a result of interference (“damaged phone”) and insufficiently accurate means of fixing it.
Availability of information: A measure of the possibility of obtaining this or that information. The degree of information availability is influenced simultaneously by both the availability of data and the availability of adequate methods.
Completeness of information . Information can be called complete if it is sufficient for understanding and making decisions. Incomplete information may lead to an erroneous conclusion or decision.
Accuracy (adequacy) of information is determined by the degree of its proximity to the real state of an object, process, phenomenon, etc. Characterizes the degree of correspondence to the real objective state. Inadequate information can arise when new information is created based on incomplete or unreliable data.
Good Data + Inadequate Methods = Inadequate Information
Relevance of information – importance for the present time, topicality, urgency. Only timely information received can be useful. Reliable and adequate outdated information is irrelevant.
Usefulness (value) of information . Utility can be assessed in relation to the needs of its specific consumers and is assessed by those tasks that can be solved with its help.
The most valuable information is objective, reliable, complete, and up-to-date. It should be taken into account that biased, unreliable information (for example, fiction) is of great significance for a person. Social (public) information also has additional properties:
has a semantic (notional) character, i.e. conceptual, since it is in concepts that the most essential features of objects, processes and phenomena of the surrounding world are generalized.
has a linguistic nature (except for some types of aesthetic information, for example, fine art). The same content can be expressed in different natural (spoken) languages, written in the form of mathematical formulas, etc.
Over time, the amount of information grows, information accumulates, it is systematized, evaluated and generalized. This property is called growth and accumulation information.
Information aging is the decrease in its value over time. It is not time itself that ages information, but the emergence of new information that clarifies, supplements or rejects, in whole or in part, earlier information. Scientific and technical information ages faster, aesthetic information (works of art) - slower.
Logicality, compactness, convenient form of presentation facilitates understanding and assimilation of information.
It might be useful to read:
- Cs 1.6 all config. Config from Sahara;
- How to take into account advertising that is given on social networks;
- Dropbox - how to use cloud data storage, as well as working with the Dropbox program on a computer and mobile;
- Test on the topic "Information";
- How to find a contact password on a computer;
- Firmware for ZTE Blade A510 smartphone Installing TWRP and obtaining root rights;
- What does computer consist of;
- What should I do if my smartphone says “Google Pay is not supported on this device”?;